Brief
Status of SARDP-NE
(Source:
M/o Road Transport & Highways)
(as in March, 2012)
(as in March, 2012)
1. The Ministry of Road
Transport & Highways has initiated mega road development programme in North
East with name "Special Accelerated Road Development Programme in North
East (SARDP-NE)".The scope of the programme has been enlarged from time to
time, since September. 2005. As on date Government has given approval for 2/4
laning of 6418 km of various categories of roads under Phase 'A' and Arunachal
Package of SARDP-NE in entire North East at an estimated investment of about Rs
33.500 crore. Apart from the above Government has also given approval to
preparation of detailed project report for 3723 km of roads under Phase 'B' so
as to enable Government to plan expenditure on these roads during next 5 years
plans.
2. Apart from SARDP-NE
National highways Authority of India is implementing the 4 laning of 672 km of
East West Corridor from Srirampur (Assam/ W. Bengal border) to Silchar in Assam
at an estimated cost of Rs 6000 crorc and 2 laning with paved shoulders from
Jowai to Rattecherra (104 km) in Meghalaya under NHDP-III.
3. As seen from the above an
amount of about Rs 40,000 crore for massive road infrastructure development has
been committed by the Government for North East. These programmes once
implemented fully will change the face of the North Eastern States.
4. Objectives of SARDP-NE:
·
Upgrade
National Highways connecting State Capitals to 2/ 4 lan
·
To
provide connectivity of all 88 District Headquarter towns of NER by at least 2-
lane road;
·
Improve
roads of strategic importance in border area.
·
Improve
connectivity to neighboring countries
5. The SARDP-NE programme
has been divided into 3 parts:
(i) Phase 'A
(ii) Arunachal Pradesh Package of Roads and
Highways (Arunachal Package)
(iii) Phase ‘B’
6. Details of approvals:
(Rs
in crore)
|
Phase
|
Length(km)
approved
|
|||||||
|
Approved
for execution
|
Approved
‘in-principle’
|
Approved
for DPR preparation
|
Total
approved
|
|||||
|
Length
(km)
|
Estimated
cost
|
Length
(km)
|
Estimated cost
|
Length
(km)
|
Estimated cost
|
Length
(km)
|
Estimated cost
|
|
|
Phase ‘A’
|
3213
|
12821
|
886
|
8948
|
-
|
-
|
4099
|
21769
|
|
Arunachal Package
|
2319
|
11703
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2319
|
11703
|
|
Phase ‘B’
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
3723
|
64
|
3723
|
64
|
|
Total
|
5532
|
24524
|
886
|
8948
|
4825
|
64
|
10141
|
33536
|
7. The State wise distribution
of roads under the 3 parts is as under:
|
STATE
|
SARDP-NEPhase
'A'
|
Arunachal
Package
|
SARDP-NEPhase
'B'
|
Grand
Total
|
||||||||
|
NHs
|
SR/ GS
|
Total
|
NH
|
SR/ GS/ Strtg
|
Total
|
NH
|
SR/ GS/ Strtg
|
Total
|
NH
|
SR/ GS/ Strtg
|
Total
|
|
|
Arunachal Pradesh
|
52
|
212
|
264
|
1346
|
835
|
2181
|
0
|
931
|
931
|
1398
|
1978
|
3376
|
|
Assam
|
1179
|
177
|
1356
|
126
|
12
|
138
|
0
|
285
|
285
|
1305
|
474
|
1779
|
|
Manipur
|
39
|
166
|
205
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
202
|
202
|
39
|
368
|
407
|
|
Meghalaya
|
259
|
526
|
785
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
161
|
201
|
362
|
420
|
727
|
1147
|
|
Mizoram
|
221
|
100
|
321
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
416
|
272
|
688
|
637
|
372
|
1009
|
|
Nagaland
|
81
|
350
|
431
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
622
|
169
|
791
|
703
|
519
|
1222
|
|
Sikkim
|
80
|
505
|
585
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
68
|
68
|
80
|
573
|
653
|
|
Tripura
|
130
|
22
|
152
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
86
|
310
|
396
|
216
|
332
|
548
|
|
Total
|
2041
|
2058
|
4099
|
1472
|
847
|
2319
|
1285
|
2438
|
3723
|
4798
|
5343
|
10141
|
SR:
State roads;
GS:
General Staff roads
Strtg:
Strategic roads
|
NHDP
& Other NHAI Projects
31st July 2013 |
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Total Length
(Km.) |
Already 4/6Laned
(Km.) |
Under Implementation
(Km.)
|
Contracts Under
Implementation (No.)
|
Balance length for award
(Km.) |
||
|
NHDP
|
GQ
|
5,846
|
5,846
(100.00%) |
0
|
6
|
-
|
|
NS - EW
Ph. I & II |
7,142
|
6,159
|
611
|
53
|
372
|
|
|
Port
Connectivity |
380
|
374
|
6
|
2
|
0
|
|
|
NHDP Phase III
|
12,109
|
5,611
|
4,813
|
89
|
1,685
|
|
|
NHDP Phase
IV
|
14,799
|
285
|
4,130
|
33
|
10,384
|
|
|
NHDP Phase V
|
6,500
|
1,584
|
2,496
|
28
|
2,420
|
|
|
NHDP Phase VII
|
700
|
21
|
20
|
2
|
659
|
|
|
NHDP Total
|
47,476
|
19,880
|
12,076
|
213
|
15,520
|
|
|
Others (Ph.-I, Ph.-II
& Misc.)
|
1390
|
1146
|
224
|
4
|
20
|
|
|
NH(O)
|
69
|
16
|
53
|
2
|
-
|
|
|
SARDP -NE
|
388
|
69
|
43
|
2
|
276
|
|
|
NH-34
|
5.5
|
-
|
5.5
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
Total by NHAI
|
49,328.5
|
21,111
|
12401.50
|
222
|
15,816
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Modal Shift
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Build–operate–transfer
(BOT)
Build–operate–transfer (BOT) or
build–own–operate–transfer (BOOT) is a form of project financing, wherein a
private entity receives a concession from the private or public sector to
finance, design, construct, and operate a facility stated in the concession
contract. This enables the project proponent to recover its investment,
operating and maintenance expenses in the project.
Due to the long-term nature of
the arrangement, the fees are usually raised during the concession period. The
rate of increase is often tied to a combination of internal and external
variables, allowing the proponent to reach a satisfactory internal rate of
return for its investment.
Examples of countries using BOT
are Thailand, Turkey, Taiwan, Saudi Arabia, Israel, India, Iran, Croatia,
Japan, China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, Egypt, and a few US states
(California, Florida, Indiana, Texas, and Virginia). However, in some
countries, such as Canada, Australia and New Zealand, the term used is
build–own–operate–transfer (BOOT). Traditionally, such projects provide for the
infrastructure to be transferred to the government at the end of the concession
period. In Australia, primarily for reasons related to the borrowing powers of
states, the transfer obligation may be omitted. For the Alice Springs – Darwin
section of the Adelaide–Darwin railway the lease period is 50 years, see
AustralAsia Rail Corporation.
Forms of project finance are
listed in the sections below.
The
National Highways Authority of India
The National Highways Authority
of India (NHAI) is an autonomous agency of the Government of India, responsible
for management of a network of over 70,000 km of National Highways in India. It
is a nodal agency of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. The current
chairman of the NHAI is Rajinder Pal Singh.
The NHAI was created through the
promulgation of the National Highways Authority of India Act, 1988. In February
1995, the Authority was formally made an autonomous body.It is responsible for
the development, maintenance, management and operation of National Highways,
totaling over 71,772 km (44,597 mi) in length.
The NHAI has the mandate to
implement the National Highway Development Project (NHDP). The NHDP is under
implementation in Phases.
Phase I: Approved in December
2000, at an estimated cost of INR 300 Billion, it included the Golden
Quadrilateral (GQ), portions of the NS-EW Corridors, and connectivity of major
ports to National Highways.
Phase II: Approved in December
2003, at an estimated cost of INR 343 Billion, it included the completion of
the NS-EW corridors and another 486 km (302 mi) of highways.
Phase IIIA: This phase was
approved in March 2005, at an estimated cost of INR 222 Billion, it includes an
upgrade to 4-lanes of 4,035 km (2,507 mi)of National Highways.
Phase IIIB: This was approved in
April 2006, at an estimated cost of INR 543 Billion, it includes an upgrade to
4-lanes of 8,074 km (5,017 mi) of National Highways.
Phase V: Approved in October
2006, it includes upgrades to 6-lanes for 6,500 km (4,000 mi), of which 5,700
km (3,500 mi) is on the GQ. This phase is entirely on a DBFO basis.
Phase VI: This phase, approved in
November 2006, will develop 1,000 km (620 mi) of expressways at an estimated
cost of INR 167 Billion.
Phase VII: This phase, approved
in December 2007, will develop ring-roads, bypasses and flyovers to avoid
traffic bottlenecks on selected stretches at a cost of INR 167 Billion.
The progress of the NHDP can be
tracked from the NHAI official website, which updates maps on regular basis.
NHAI helps in implementing
Special Accelerated Road Development Programme for North Eastern Region
(SARDP-NE); a project to upgrade National Highways connecting state capitals to
2 lane or 4 lane in north eastern region.
The
Border Roads Organisation
The Border Roads Organisation
(BRO) maintains roads that serve the borders areas of India. It is staffed with
a combination of Border Roads Engineering Service officers from the General
Reserve Engineer Force (GREF) and officers from the Corps of Engineers of the
Indian Armyarmy diploma civil engineers from College of Military Engineering
Kirkee Pune which also termed as "Anklet Boot Diploma" because it is
said the more forcely hit ground with anklet boot while saluting a senior the
more Marks you fetch. The organisation develops and maintains arterial roads on
the borders of India. The BRO is also involved in the construction of a tunnel
at the Rohtang pass. BRO's activities have also helped to accelerate the
economic development of the North and North-Eastern border states of India. The
road-construction teams have to deal with harsh climatic conditions. The BRO
faces environments like the icy Himalayan mountaintops, the marshes of West
Bengal, and the deserts in Rajasthan.
The BRO builds and maintains roads at high altitude; Some of the BRO
roads are built as high as 5,608 metres (18,399 ft) above mean sea level.
The Border Roads Organisation
operates a network of over 32,885 kilometres (20,434 mi) of roads and 12,200
metres (40,026 ft) of permanent bridges.
BRO has operations in twenty-two states, including the Andaman and
Nicobar Islands, a union territory.
The BRO was formed on 7 May 1960
as the Border Roads Development Board with Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal
Nehru as its chairman. BRO is led by the Director General of Border Roads, who
holds the rank of Lieutenant General.
The BRO consists of the General Reserve Engineer Force
(GREF)—the execution force—under the Ministry of Surface Transport, and
officers from Indian Army Corps of Engineers, who are deputed on loan to this
organisation. The GREF includes civil, electrical, and mechanical engineers.
They are selected from engineering colleges across India through the annual
Engineering Services Examination conducted by the Union Public Service
Commission. The staff also includes administrative officers, supervisors, and
other trades. The organisation's operations are spread across India, Bhutan,
Myanmar, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan.
The fundamental unit of the BRO
is similar to a platoon. This functional platoon, composed of civil engineer
officers from the GREF and army diploma civil engineers from College of
Military Engineering Kirkee Pune which also termed as "Anklet Boot
Diploma" because it is said the more forcely hit ground with anklet boot
while saluting a senior the more Marks you fetch, is in charge of activities
such as formation cutting, surfacing, and safety mechanisms to maintain correct
road geometry. BRO units also handle the construction of permanent and
temporary bridges, causeways, and airfields.
The BRO includes 18 Projects,
which are divided into Task Forces, Road Construction Companies (RCCs), Bridge
Construction Companies (BCCs), Drain Maintenance Companies (DMCs), and other
functional platoons. The organisation also includes base workshops, store
divisions, training and recruitment centers, and other staff.
The BRO is also in charge of
maintenance of its road networks. In many places landslides, avalanches and
snow block the routes and have to cleared as quickly as possible. BRO also
employs the more than two lakh (200,000) local workers in the task.
An Internal Financial Advisor
supports the BRO, performing the roles of Chief Accounts Officer and Internal
Auditor. This system was introduced on 23 March 1995 to introduce efficiency
and improve resource utilisation. The IFA secured ISO 9001 certification in
December 1999.
The BRO undertakes projects in
India and friendly countries. These projects typically include developing
roads, bridges, and airfields in hostile environments shunned by private
enterprises, whether due to security concerns related to hostilities, or
because of environmental challenges.
Some of these projects carry out
some of the development initiatives of the Indian government in foreign
territories like Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Myanmar, and Bhutan. These include
the Delaram-Zaranj Highway in Afghanistan, completed and handed over to the
Afghan government during 2008, and the
restoration of the Farkhor and Ayni air bases in Tajikistan.
The BRO also played a vital role
in reconstruction work in the aftermath of the devastating 2004 Tsunami in
Tamil Nadu, the 2005 Kashmir earthquake,
and the 2010 Ladakh flash floods.
CSIR
CSIR-Central Road Research
Institute (CRRI), a premier national laboratory established in 1952, a
constituent of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) is engaged
in carrying out research and development projects on design, construction and
maintenance of roads and runways, traffic and transportation planning of mega
and medium cities, management of roads in different terrains, improvement of
marginal materials, utilization of industrial waste in road construction,
landslide control, ground improvements environmental pollution, road traffic
safety and analysis & design, wind, fatigue, corrosion studies, performance
monitoring/evaluation, service life assessment and rehabilitation of highway
& railway bridges. The institute provides technical and consultancy
services to various user organizations in India and abroad. For capacity
building of human resources in the area of highway Engineering to undertake and
execute roads and runway projects, Institute has the competence to organize
National & International Training Programmes continuing education courses
since 1962 to disseminate the R&D finding to the masses.
Rail transport is a commonly used
mode of long-distance transportation in India. Almost all rail operations in
India are handled by a state-owned organisation, Indian Railways, Ministry of
Railways. The rail network traverses the length and breadth of the country,
covering in 2011 a total length of 64,460 kilometres (40,050 mi).[1]:3 It is
the 4th largest railway network in the world, transporting 7651 million
passengers and over 921 million tonnes of freight annually, as of 2011. 56 Its operations cover twenty eight states
and three union territories and also provide limited service to Nepal,
Bangladesh and Pakistan. Both passenger and freight traffic has seen steady
growth, and as per the 2009 budget presented by the Railway Minister, the
Indian Railways carried over 7 billion passengers in 2009
Railways were introduced to India
in 1853 from Mumbai to Thane, and by the time of India's independence in 1947
they had grown to forty-two rail systems. In 1951 the systems were nationalised
as one unit—Indian Railways—to form one of the largest networks in the world.
The broad gauge is the majority and original standard gauge in India; more
recent networks of metre and narrow gauge are being replaced by broad gauge
under Project Unigauge. The steam locomotives have been replaced over the years
with diesel and electric locomotives.
Locomotives manufactured at
several places in India are assigned codes identifying their gauge, kind of
power and type of operation. Colour signal lights are used as signals, but in
some remote areas of operation, the older semaphores and disc-based signalling
are still in use. Accommodation classes range from general through first class
AC. Trains have been classified according to speed and area of operation. All
trains are officially identified by a five-digit code (changed from four digits
on 20 December 2010) though many are commonly known by unique names. The
ticketing system has been computerised to a large extent, and there are
reserved as well as unreserved categories of tickets.
Production units
The Chittaranjan Locomotive Works
in Chittaranjan makes electric locomotives. The Diesel Locomotive Works in
Varanasi makes diesel locomotives. The Integral Coach Factory in Perambur makes
integral coaches. These have a monocoque construction, and the floor is an
integral unit with the undercarriage. The Rail Coach Factory in Kapurthala also
makes coaches. The Rail Wheel Factory at Yelahanka(Bangalore) and Chapra, Bihar
manufactures wheels and axles, Diesel-Loco Modernisation Works, Patiala upgrade
the WDM-2 Diesel loco from 2600 hp to 3100 hp. Some electric locomotives have
been supplied by BHEL, Jhansi and Palakkad, and locomotive components are
manufactured in several other plants around the country.
Trains are classified by their
average speed.[29] A faster train has fewer stops ("halts") than a
slower one and usually caters to long-distance travellers.
Rank Train Description
1 Duronto
Express These are the
non-stop point to point trains (except for operational stops) introduced in
2009 connecting metros and major state capitals and are faster than Rajdhani
Express. They consist of first AC, two-tier AC, three-tier AC and sleeper
classes.
2 Rajdhani
Express These are
air-conditioned trains linking major cities to New Delhi. They are one of the
fastest trains in India, travelling at about 130 km (81 mi) per hour. There are
only a few stops on a Rajdhani route.
3 Shatabdi
Express and Jan Shatabdi Express These
are air-conditioned and non-airconditioned respectively intercity trains for
day travel. They generally have only seats. Some of them also have one coach
with berths.
4 Garib
Rath These trains contain AC
three-tier and AC chair car coaches with fares less than the fares for the same
classes in other trains. They are almost as fast as Shatabdi and Rajdhani
trains.
5 Superfast
Express These trains have an
average speed greater than 55 km (34 mi) per hour and stop at a few stations.
The tickets for these trains have an additional superfast surcharge.
6 Express
and Mail trains These are the most common
kind of trains in India. They have more stops than their superfast counterparts
but they stop only at relatively important intermediate stations.
7 Passenger
and Fast Passenger These are slow trains
that stop at most stations along the route and have the lowest fare. The trains
generally have unreserved seating accommodation but some night trains have
sleeper and 3A coaches.
8 Suburban
trains These trains operate
in urban and suburban areas of major cities, usually stop at all stations, have
unreserved seating accommodation and also have one or more separate coaches
only for women. They have the same low fare as passenger trains. Monthly and
quarterly tickets (referred to as season tickets) for suburban trains are also
available at subsidised prices.
The Kashmir Railway in India is being built to connect the state
of Jammu and Kashmir with the rest of the country. Officially termed the Jammu
Udhampur Srinagar Baramulla Railway Link, the railway line starts from Jammu
and will travel for 345 km (214 mi) to Baramulla on the northwestern edge of
the Kashmir Valley. The route crosses major earthquake zones, and is subjected
to extreme temperatures of cold and heat and inhospitable terrain, making it an
extremely challenging engineering project.
Forming a part of Firozpur
division of the Northern Railway zone, the line has been under construction
since 1983 by various railway companies. It will link the state's winter
capital Jammu with the summer capital Srinagar and beyond. The project has had
a long and chequered history but serious progress was made only after it was
declared a National Project in 2002. The scheduled date of completion was 15
August 2007. However, unforeseen complications have pushed back the deadline to
2017 at the earliest.
The Kashmir Railway project is
divided into four sections:
Leg 0 extending 53 km (33 mi)
from Jammu to Udhampur, completed in April 2005.
Leg 1 extending 25 km (16 mi)
from Udhampur to Katra. Track work in tunnels in this section is in progress,
and Train may start operating from October 2013.
Leg 2 extending 148 km (92 mi)
from Katra to Qazigund. Under construction, may open in 2017.
Leg 3 extending 112 km (70 mi)
from Qazigund to Baramulla, completed in October 2009. The length of the
railway track in the Kashmir Valley from Baramulla to the start of Banihal
tunnel is, however, 119 km.
Security
Security for the line has been a
major concern, with the regions the line passes through continuing to face
terrorist challenges. The presence of the international border with Pakistan
close by aggravates these challenges. Plans for close circuit cameras at all
major bridges, tunnels and railway stations have been made. Lighting is
provided on all major bridges and inside tunnels. Additionally a special
security detail to protect the infrastructure has been contemplated.
Construction-related casualties
June 2004 — Sudhir Kumar Pundir,
an IRCON Engineer and his brother Sanjay were kidnapped and murdered by
terrorists in the valley.
June 2005 — Altaf Hussain, A
laborer working in a Tunnel at Tathyar (HCC) was killed by a collapse. Two
others were injured.
16 May 2007 — Fancy Akther 09,
daughter of Mushtaq Ahmad Wagay and Khushboo Akther 07, daughter of Mohammad
Ayub Wani. Drowned in a ditch constructed by Railway Company.
14 Feb 2008 — A Nepali labourer
Tika Ram Balwari son of Tuya Narayan was killed after a boulder hit him in at
Uri Varmul, presumably on the Kashmir rail project for HCC.
18 Apr 2008 — Six labourers of a
private company, engaged with the Katra-Qazigund railway line project, were
killed and two others received injuries when a tipper carrying them rolled down
into a deep gorge in Lower Juda Morh near Kouri in Reasi district late at night.
Besides Tara Chand, others have been identified as Resham Singh and Shambhu
Ram, both residents of Pattian in Reasi, Dhani Ram, Sandeep Lal and Vishno,
residents of Nepal.
27 Mar 2011 — Two workers, Abdul
Rahman (34) and Jumma Baksh (24), were killed at an under-construction railway
bridge over the Chenab in Reasi district as a basket attached to a crane
carrying them unhooked and fell from a height of more than 100 metres.
|
kashmir Railway route
map
|
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|
Ports and shipping
There are many major ports in
India. The most important is the Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust in Navi
Mumbai. The Cochin Port Trust in Kochi
has grown out to match its potentials of being a Natural Harbour. It is the 2nd busiest port in India hosting
many international cruises. The DP World in Vallarpadam, Kochi is the largest
of its kind in the country.[citation needed].The Port of Kolkata is a riverine
port in the city of Kolkata, India. It is the oldest operating port in India,
having originally been constructed by the British East India Company.
Maritime transportation in India
is managed by the Shipping Corporation of India, a government-owned company
that also manages offshore and other marine transport infrastructure in the
country. It owns and operates about 35% of Indian tonnage and operates in
practically all areas of shipping business servicing both national and
international trades.
It has a fleet of 79 ships of
27.5 lakh GT (48 lakh DWT) and also manages 53 research, survey and support
vessels of 1.2 Lakh GT (0.6 Lakh DWT) on behalf of various government
departments and other organisations. Personnel are trained at the Maritime
Training Institute in Mumbai, a branch of the World Maritime University, which
was set up in 1987. The Corporation also operates in Malta and Iran through
joint ventures.
The ports are the main centres of
trade. In India about 95% of the foreign trade by quantity and 70% by value
takes place through the ports. Mumbai
Port & JNPT(Navi Mumbai) handles 70% of maritime trade in India. There are twelve major ports: Navi Mumbai,
Mumbai, Kochi, Kolkata (including Haldia), Paradip, Visakhapatnam, Ennore,
Chennai, Tuticorin, New Mangalore, Mormugao and Kandla. Other than these, there
are 187 minor and intermediate ports, 43 of which handle cargo.
India has an extensive network of
inland waterways in the form of rivers, canals, backwaters and creeks. The
total navigable length is 14,500 kilometers (9,000 mi), out of which about 5,200
km (3,231 mi) of river and 485 km (301 mi) of canals can be used by mechanised
crafts.[132] Freight transport by waterways is highly underutilised in India
compared to other large countries. The total cargo moved by inland waterways is
just 0.15% of the total inland traffic in India, compared to the corresponding
figures of 20% for Germany and 32% for Bangladesh.
Cargo that is transported in an
organised manner is confined to a few waterways in Goa, West Bengal, Assam and
Kerala. The Inland Waterways Authority
of India (IWAI) is the statutory authority in charge of the waterways in India.
It does the function of building the necessary infrastructure in these
waterways, surveying the economic feasibility of new projects and also
administration and regulation.[citation needed] The following waterways have
been declared as National Waterways:
National Waterway 1:
Allahabad–Haldia stretch of the Ganga - Bhagirathi - Hooghly river system with
a total length of 1,620 kilometers (1,010 mi) in October 1986.
National Waterway 2:
Saidiya–Dhubri stretch of the Brahmaputra river system with a total length of
891 kilometers (554 mi) in 1988.
National Waterway 3:
Kollam–Kottapuram stretch of the West Coast Canal along with Champakara and
Udyogmandal canals, with a total length of 205 kilometers (127 mi) in 1993.
National Waterway 4:
Bhadrachalam–Rajahmundry and Wazirabad–Vijaywada stretch of the
Krishna–Godavari river system along with the Kakinada–Pondicherry canal
network, with a total length of 1,095 km (680 mi) in 2007.
National Waterway 5:
Mangalgadi–Paradeep and Talcher–Dhamara stretch of the Mahanadi–Brahmani river
system along with the East Coast Canal, with a total length of 623 km (387 mi)
in 2007.
